Examples of such managers include the GNOME or KDM display managers or the Enlightenment window manager. X does not specify how this management task should be accomplished, so a manager program usually provides this. Individual application windows occupy some or all of a display screen and a user usually has multiple such windows open at a time. The terminal implemented the X protocol and the computer handled the rest of the work needed. In the days of very expensive computers that were shared among many users, X terminals provided a low cost way for many users to share the resources of a single computer. X is designed to be network transparent, so that an X server can display windows from local or networked application sources. The X architecture provides a fairly primitive client/server framework for a graphical display, including drawing and moving windows on the display and interacting with input devices such as keyboards, mice, tablets or touchscreens. It is under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses. The X.Org Foundation now leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open source software. The client/server X protocol is Version 11 (X11) and has been so since 1987. X was originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The examples in this tutorial come from Fedora 28, openSUSE Tumbleweed (20181204), and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
Sometimes, different versions of a program format output differently, so your results might not always look exactly like the listings and figures that are shown here. To get the most from the tutorials in this series, you need a basic knowledge of Linux and a working Linux system on which you can practice the commands that are covered in this tutorial.
This tutorial helps you prepare for Objective 106.1 in Topic 106 of the Linux System Administrator (LPIC-1) exam 101. The X server is the program or dedicated terminal that displays the windows and handles input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. It is implemented on most UNIX-like operating systems and has been ported to many other systems. The X Window System (also known as X11, or simply X) is a client/server windowing system for bitmap displays. As tutorials are completed, they will be added to the roadmap.
This tutorial reflects the Version 5.0 objectives as updated on October 29, 2018. See “ Learn Linux, 101: A roadmap for LPIC-1” for a description of and link to each tutorial in this series. You can also use the material in these tutorials to prepare for the Linux Professional Institute’s LPIC-1: Linux Server Professional Certification exams. This series of tutorials helps you learn Linux system administration tasks.
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